Wednesday, February 13, 2013

ELT Development in Indonesia



Elt development in Indonesia*)

The Dutch Period before World War II—1945
·         Junior High (together with Dutch and German or French)
·         Good pronunciation emphasized, lots of textbooks and supplementary readings
·         Exams consisted of grammar, composition and translation (GTM). As a result, High school graduates at that time could speak, read, and write good English.

The Japanese Period (1942—1945)
·         Dutch and English were banned and books burned. Books were translated into bahasa Indonesia. The decline of English as well as Dutch; blessing in disguise for bahasa Indonesia, but bad impact on English learning later.

Early Independence Period (1945—1950)
·         English taught again beginning from SMP (GTM)

1954
·         PTPG (Perguruan Tinggi Pendidikan Guru) in Malang, Bandung, Batusangkar.
·         STC (Standard Training Course) (Audio-lingual Approach)  was set up in Jogyakarta and Bukittinggi (excellent graduates)

By 1962
·         Salatiga Materials were produced (Students’ Book) (Audio-lingual Approach)

Prior to 1965
·         Students were not allowed to learn English outside the classroom.

In 1968
·         An English Language Project was set up by the Ministry of Education to address problems of English instruction in schools.

1985
·         PKG—combination of TPR, Krashen’s Monitor Model and CLT (speaking, grammar emphasized).

1994
·         The Meaningfulness Approach (reading emphasized, language functions, grammar sekilas info)

2004
·         KBK (Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi) : Introducing the genre-based approach and the Curriculum Cycle (BKoF, MoT, JCoT, ICoT)

2006
·         KTSP: School-based, Competency-based and Literacy Approach/Genre-based
(integrated: LSRW + S/P, V, G + Functions, discourse)


*) Except for KBK (2004) and KTSP (2006), based on Sadtono, 1997, pp. 1-19.

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